WPF 数据模板Data Template

数据模板 DataTemplate 控件模板决定了数据的展示形式和用户体检，在软件UI设计中非常重要。同样数据的展示形式越来越多样化，正所谓：横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同。同样的数据内容，在DataGrid中的展示是文本的列表形式，在ComboBox中是下拉框的形式。给数据披上外衣，将数据和形式解耦，是一种新的发展趋势。1. DataGrid
a. 数据模板DataGrid是可以自定义网格数据显示的控件，通过自定义显示的列模板，可以实现各式各样的展现方式。列定义如下：DataGrid的列定义，通过Binding="{Binding Name}"的方式绑定属性，通过ElementStyle="{StaticResource one_center}"的方式绑定样式。DataGrid预制了几种列展示数据的方式，如：DataGridTextColumn【文本】，DataGridCheckBoxColumn【复选框】，DataGridComboBoxColumn【下拉框】，DataGridHyperlinkColumn【链接】等，如果使用数据模板，则采用DataGridTemplateColumn进行定义。UI示例如下所示：
<Window x:Class="WpfApp2.A1Window"xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp2"mc:Ignorable="d"Title="数据模板示例" Height="450" Width="650"><Window.Resources><Style x:Key="one_center" TargetType="TextBlock"><Setter Property="VerticalAlignment" Value="Center"></Setter><Setter Property="HorizontalAlignment" Value="Center"></Setter>
</Style><Style x:Key="one_header" TargetType="DataGridColumnHeader"><Setter Property="VerticalAlignment" Value="Center"></Setter><Setter Property="HorizontalAlignment" Value="Center"></Setter><Setter Property="HorizontalContentAlignment" Value="Center"></Setter><Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="0"></Setter>
</Style></Window.Resources><Grid><DataGrid x:Name="one"  Margin="10" AutoGenerateColumns="False"  CanUserAddRows="False"  CanUserSortColumns="False" BorderThickness="0" ><DataGrid.Columns><DataGridTextColumn Header="姓名" Binding="{Binding Name}" Width="*" ElementStyle="{StaticResource one_center}" HeaderStyle="{StaticResource one_header}"  /><DataGridTextColumn Header="年龄" Binding="{Binding Age}" Width="*" ElementStyle="{StaticResource one_center}" HeaderStyle="{StaticResource one_header}"/><DataGridTextColumn Header="性别" Binding="{Binding Sex}" Width="*" ElementStyle="{StaticResource one_center}" HeaderStyle="{StaticResource one_header}"/><DataGridTextColumn Header="班级" Binding="{Binding Classes}" Width="*" ElementStyle="{StaticResource one_center}" HeaderStyle="{StaticResource one_header}"/><DataGridTemplateColumn Header="操作" Width="*" HeaderStyle="{StaticResource one_header}"><DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate><DataTemplate><StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center"><Button x:Name="edit" Content="编辑" Width="60" Margin="3" Height="25"></Button><Button x:Name="delete" Content="删除" Width="60" Margin="3" Height="25"></Button></StackPanel></DataTemplate></DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate></DataGridTemplateColumn></DataGrid.Columns></DataGrid></Grid>
</Window>

b. 后台数据绑定

后台数据绑定通过ItemsSource进行赋值，绑定的数据的属性名，要和DataGrid的列绑定数据的名称保持一致，如下所示：

namespace WpfApp2
{/// <summary>/// A1Window.xaml 的交互逻辑/// </summary>public partial class A1Window : Window{public A1Window(){InitializeComponent();List<Student> lst = new List<Student>();lst.Add(new Student() { Name = "张三", Age = 22, Sex = "男", Classes = "一班" });lst.Add(new Student() { Name = "李四", Age = 21, Sex = "男", Classes = "二班" });lst.Add(new Student() { Name = "王五", Age = 20, Sex = "女", Classes = "一班" });lst.Add(new Student() { Name = "刘大", Age = 19, Sex = "男", Classes = "三班" });lst.Add(new Student() { Name = "麻子", Age = 18, Sex = "男", Classes = "四班" });one.ItemsSource = lst;}}public class Student{public string Name { get; set; }public int Age { get; set; }public string Sex { get; set; }public string Classes { get; set; }}
}

2. ListBox和ComboBox
a. 数据模板ListBox，ComboBox，均是包含可选择的项的列表，只是ListBox不需要下拉显示，ComboBox需要下拉显示。通过定义数据模板，可以丰富数据的展示形式。通过ItemTemplate="{StaticResource item_template}"的形式，进行数据模板的绑定。如下所示：

<Window x:Class="WpfApp2.A2Window"xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp2"mc:Ignorable="d"Title="数据模板示例" Height="450" Width="800"><Window.Resources><DataTemplate x:Key="item_template"><StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="5 ,0"><Border Width="10" Height="10" Background="{Binding Code}"></Border><TextBlock Text="{Binding Code}" Margin="5,0" ></TextBlock></StackPanel></DataTemplate></Window.Resources><Grid><StackPanel Margin="3" Orientation="Horizontal" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"><ComboBox x:Name="one" Height="25" Width="120" Margin="5" ItemTemplate="{StaticResource item_template}"></ComboBox><ListBox x:Name="two"  Width="120" Margin="5" ItemTemplate="{StaticResource item_template}"></ListBox></StackPanel></Grid>
</Window>

b. 后台数据绑定与DataGrid一样，后台通过ItemsSource进行数据的绑定。如下所示：
namespace WpfApp2
{/// <summary>/// A2Window.xaml 的交互逻辑/// </summary>public partial class A2Window : Window{public A2Window(){InitializeComponent();List<Color> lst = new List<Color>();lst.Add(new Color() { Code = "#FE8C00" });lst.Add(new Color() { Code = "#1F7F50" });lst.Add(new Color() { Code = "#AA8C00" });lst.Add(new Color() { Code = "#FEAA00" });lst.Add(new Color() { Code = "#008CAA" });lst.Add(new Color() { Code = "#FEBB00" });one.ItemsSource = lst;two.ItemsSource = lst;}}public class Color{public string Code { get; set; }}
}

3. ItemsControl
a. 数据模板ItemsControl，主要用于展示集合数据的项，也是列表控件的一种。ItemsControl 需要设置两个内容：ItemsControl.ItemsPanel，做为数据展示的容器。ItemsControl.ItemTemplate，用于单个数据的展示形式。具体如下所示：<Window x:Class="WpfApp2.A3Window"xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp2"mc:Ignorable="d"Title="A3Window" Height="450" Width="800"><Grid><ItemsControl x:Name="one"><ItemsControl.ItemsPanel><ItemsPanelTemplate><WrapPanel></WrapPanel></ItemsPanelTemplate></ItemsControl.ItemsPanel><ItemsControl.ItemTemplate><DataTemplate><Button Width="50" Height="50" Margin="5" Content="{Binding Code}"></Button></DataTemplate></ItemsControl.ItemTemplate></ItemsControl></Grid>
</Window>
b. 后台数据绑定与DataGrid一样，后台通过ItemsSource进行数据的绑定。如下所示：namespace WpfApp2
{/// <summary>/// A3Window.xaml 的交互逻辑/// </summary>public partial class A3Window : Window{public A3Window(){InitializeComponent();List<Test> lst = new List<Test>();lst.Add(new Test() { Code = "1" });lst.Add(new Test() { Code = "2" });lst.Add(new Test() { Code = "3" });lst.Add(new Test() { Code = "4" });lst.Add(new Test() { Code = "5" });lst.Add(new Test() { Code = "6" });one.ItemsSource = lst;}}public class Test{public string Code { get; set; }}
}

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