【django学习-27】media介绍与文件上传

• 前言：django开发过程中，有2个文件夹（也即：目录）比较特殊：static文件夹（目录）、media文件夹（目录）。

  • static目录：我们项目自己用到的文件（css、js、项目图片、插件），建议放在static目录下。
  • media目录：用户自己上传的文件等资源，建议放在media目录下。要想用media目录，必须先配置启用它。

• 1.media的配置

  • 1.1：在项目的同级目录下新建文件夹media
    
  • 1.2：在setting中配置

import os
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'

• 1.3:urls中配置

from django.urls import path, re_path
from django.views.static import serve
from django.conf import settingsurlpatterns = [re_path(r'^media/(?P<path>.*)$', serve, {'document_root': settings.MEDIA_ROOT}, name='media'),
]

• 2.上传混合数据(Form)

from django import forms
from app01.utils.bootstrap import BootStrapFormclass UpForm(BootStrapForm): bootstrap_exclude_fields = ['img']     # img字段去除bootstrap样式name = forms.CharField(label="姓名")age = forms.IntegerField(label="年龄")img = forms.FileField(label="头像")def upload_form(request):title = "Form上传"if request.method == "GET":form = UpForm()return render(request, 'upload_form.html', {"form": form, "title": title})form = UpForm(data=request.POST, files=request.FILES)if form.is_valid():# {'name': 'xwl', 'age': 123, 'img': <InMemoryUploadedFile: 图片 1.png (image/png)>}# 1.读取图片内容，写入到文件夹中并获取文件的路径。image_object = form.cleaned_data.get("img")# media_path = os.path.join(settings.MEDIA_ROOT, image_object.name)media_path = os.path.join("media", image_object.name)f = open(media_path, mode='wb')for chunk in image_object.chunks():f.write(chunk)f.close()# 2.将图片文件路径写入到数据库models.Boss.objects.create(name=form.cleaned_data['name'],age=form.cleaned_data['age'],img=media_path,)return HttpResponse("...")return render(request, 'upload_form.html', {"form": form, "title": title})

• 3.上传混合数据（ModalForm)
  • 3.1.models.py

class City(models.Model):""" 城市 """name = models.CharField(verbose_name="名称", max_length=32)count = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="人口")# 本质上数据库也是CharField，自动保存数据。img = models.FileField(verbose_name="Logo", max_length=128, upload_to='city/')

• 3.2:定义ModelForm

from app01.utils.bootstrap import BootStrapModelFormclass UpModelForm(BootStrapModelForm):bootstrap_exclude_fields = ['img']class Meta:model = models.Cityfields = "__all__"

• 3.3:视图函数

def upload_modal_form(request):""" 上传文件和数据（modelForm）"""title = "ModelForm上传文件"if request.method == "GET":form = UpModelForm()return render(request, 'upload_form.html', {"form": form, 'title': title})form = UpModelForm(data=request.POST, files=request.FILES)if form.is_valid():# 对于文件：自动保存；# 字段 + 上传路径写入到数据库form.save()return HttpResponse("成功")return render(request, 'upload_form.html', {"form": form, 'title': title})